{"id":16913,"date":"2022-11-18T14:51:24","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T13:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parm.com\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram\/"},"modified":"2026-09-28T07:51:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T05:51:56","slug":"project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019ABC de la gestion de projet : P pour Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>L\u2019ABC de la gestion de projet : P pour Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Illustration de la structure de processus de projets, de leur dur\u00e9e et de leurs interd\u00e9pendances<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Post_PM-ABC_precedence_FR.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019ABC de la gestion de projet : P pour Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence\" title=\"Post_PM-ABC_precedence\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Post_PM-ABC_precedence_FR.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Post_PM-ABC_precedence_FR-980x515.jpg 980w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Post_PM-ABC_precedence_FR-480x252.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14558\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row et_pb_equal_columns et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Il est souvent utilis\u00e9 dans les achats ou la production et peut \u00e9galement fournir des services pr\u00e9cieux en gestion de projet. Nous parlons du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence, qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour identifier la dur\u00e9e, les temps tampons et le chemin critique des processus. En fait, tr\u00e8s peu de chefs de projet cr\u00e9ent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des diagrammes de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence pour leurs projets eux-m\u00eames, mais utilisent un logiciel de gestion de projet \u00e0 cette fin. N\u00e9anmoins, il est important pour la compr\u00e9hension du projet de savoir comment le diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence est cr\u00e9\u00e9.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Quest-ce_quun_diagramme_de_precedence\" >Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Comment_creer_un_plan_de_reseau_en_quelques_etapes\" >Comment cr\u00e9er un plan de r\u00e9seau en quelques \u00e9tapes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Dependances_speciales\" >D\u00e9pendances sp\u00e9ciales<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Avantages_du_diagramme_de_precedence\" >Avantages du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Inconvenients_du_diagramme_de_precedence\" >Inconv\u00e9nients du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quest-ce_quun_diagramme_de_precedence\"><\/span>Qu&rsquo;est-ce qu&rsquo;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La technique du r\u00e9seau est l'un des outils les plus pr\u00e9cis, mais aussi les plus complexes, permettant de repr\u00e9senter les op\u00e9rations de l'entreprise selon un encha\u00eenement strat\u00e9gique coh\u00e9rent. Il peut s'agir de projets, de processus de production, de processus marketing ou d'autres activit\u00e9s similaires. Le r\u00e9seau permet en outre de repr\u00e9senter les dates de d\u00e9but et de fin, les marges, les d\u00e9pendances et la dur\u00e9e totale du processus. Cela permet d\u2019organiser les d\u00e9roulements avec pr\u00e9cision ou de repr\u00e9senter correctement les processus op\u00e9rationnels. Selon la norme DIN 69900, la technique du r\u00e9seau utilise les r\u00e9seaux comme \u00ab repr\u00e9sentation graphique ou tabulaire d\u2019une structure de d\u00e9roulement compos\u00e9e d\u2019op\u00e9rations ou d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements et de relations d\u2019ordre \u00bb.<br \/>Un r\u00e9seau peut, en tant que \u00ab r\u00e9seau global \u00bb, repr\u00e9senter l\u2019ensemble d\u2019un projet. Il est toutefois \u00e9galement possible de cr\u00e9er des \u00ab r\u00e9seaux partiels \u00bb qui ne repr\u00e9sentent qu\u2019une partie du projet et qui sont reli\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres r\u00e9seaux partiels afin de pr\u00e9senter l\u2019ensemble du projet. Cette approche du r\u00e9seau est notamment utilis\u00e9e lorsque certaines parties prenantes ne s\u2019int\u00e9ressent pas aux d\u00e9tails du plan. Dans le cadre de la synth\u00e8se du r\u00e9seau, il est alors possible, par exemple, de cr\u00e9er pour elles un r\u00e9seau reprenant les \u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s, tandis que d\u2019autres parties prenantes re\u00e7oivent des r\u00e9seaux partiels d\u00e9taill\u00e9s qui leur sont importants.       <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_3 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comment_creer_un_plan_de_reseau_en_quelques_etapes\"><\/span>Comment cr\u00e9er un plan de r\u00e9seau en quelques \u00e9tapes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>1. Cr\u00e9er une base<\/h3>\n<p>La base d'un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence est un processus avec ses sous-\u00e9tapes. Les \u00e9tapes individuelles ainsi que la dur\u00e9e des t\u00e2ches respectives doivent \u00eatre connues. <\/p>\n<p>Dans l'exemple suivant, le processus se compose de sept \u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><table style=\"height: 290px; width: 75%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #1b3e90; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 48px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00c9tape<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 48px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Dur\u00e9e en unit\u00e9 de temps<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 48px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00c0 terminer avant<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Accueil<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">-<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration A<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">D\u00e9but<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width:60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration C<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration D<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9ration E<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9rations B et C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Objectif<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Op\u00e9rations D et E<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Ces \u00e9tapes sont maintenant cr\u00e9\u00e9es sous forme de n\u0153uds de processus, qui sont ensuite connect\u00e9s les uns aux autres en fonction de leurs d\u00e9pendances.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Un tel n\u0153ud ressemble \u00e0 ceci :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_node_FR.jpg\" width=\"203\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_node_FR.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" class=\"wp-image-14560\" alt=\"n\u0153uds de processus\" title=\"n\u0153uds de processus\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Les abr\u00e9viations repr\u00e9sentent les valeurs suivantes :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><table style=\"height: 168px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: none; background-color: #ffffff;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Index<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">\u00c9tape du processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Op\u00e9ration<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Nom de l'op\u00e9ration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Dur\u00e9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>FAZ<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Date de d\u00e9but au plus t\u00f4t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>FEZ<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Heure de fin au plus t\u00f4t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>SAZ<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Date de d\u00e9but au plus tard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>SEZ<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Heure de fin au plus tard<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>GP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">r\u00e9serve totale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>FP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">Marge libre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_5 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_6 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_10 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><ul>\n<li><strong>L'index<\/strong> marque l'\u00e9tape de processus respective. Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement donn\u00e9 en chiffres ou en lettres. <\/li>\n<li>Pour l'<strong>activit\u00e9<\/strong>, le nom de l'activit\u00e9 ou une description courte et concise est saisi.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0 <strong>D<\/strong>, la dur\u00e9e du processus est saisie.<\/li>\n<li>Le point de d\u00e9part le plus pr\u00e9coce <strong>ESP<\/strong> indique le moment le plus pr\u00e9coce o\u00f9 un processus peut \u00eatre d\u00e9marr\u00e9 et d\u00e9pend donc des processus pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. <\/li>\n<li>Le point de fin le plus pr\u00e9coce <strong>EEP<\/strong> est calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du point de d\u00e9part le plus pr\u00e9coce et de la dur\u00e9e d'une op\u00e9ration et indique ainsi quand l'activit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre termin\u00e9e au plus t\u00f4t.<\/li>\n<li>Le point de fin le plus tard <strong>LEP<\/strong> indique quand une op\u00e9ration doit \u00eatre termin\u00e9e au plus tard pour ne pas retarder davantage les \u00e9tapes du processus. <\/li>\n<li>Le point de d\u00e9part le plus tard <strong>LSP<\/strong> est calcul\u00e9 en soustrayant la dur\u00e9e d'un processus du point de fin le plus tard. Ainsi, il indique quand le traitement d'une op\u00e9ration doit commencer au plus tard pour ne pas influencer davantage les \u00e9tapes du processus et donc retarder l'ensemble du processus. <\/li>\n<li>La marge totale <strong>TB<\/strong> indique de combien de temps un processus peut \u00eatre report\u00e9 sans avoir \u00e0 reporter le point de d\u00e9part le plus tard de l'activit\u00e9 suivante. Si ce tampon est \u00e9puis\u00e9, l'activit\u00e9 suivante ne d\u00e9marre plus \u00e0 la date la plus t\u00f4t possible, mais la date de fin du projet n'est pas affect\u00e9e.  <\/li>\n<li>La Marge libre <strong>FB<\/strong>, en revanche, indique combien de temps une activit\u00e9 peut durer sans influencer le point de d\u00e9part le plus t\u00f4t des activit\u00e9s suivantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_11 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>2. Connecter les n\u0153uds<\/h3>\n<p>Tout d'abord, un r\u00e9seau est cr\u00e9\u00e9 avec les donn\u00e9es existantes. Cela signifie que les n\u0153uds individuels sont saisis avec l'index, l'activit\u00e9 et la dur\u00e9e. Ces n\u0153uds sont ensuite reli\u00e9s par des fl\u00e8ches qui r\u00e9sultent des d\u00e9pendances indiqu\u00e9es dans le tableau. Une fl\u00e8che indique une relation ou la d\u00e9pendance logique, technique, personnelle ou temporelle des activit\u00e9s individuelles. Dans l'exemple, l'activit\u00e9 E ne peut \u00eatre d\u00e9marr\u00e9e que lorsque les activit\u00e9s B et C ont \u00e9t\u00e9 termin\u00e9es. Par cons\u00e9quent, une fl\u00e8che est dirig\u00e9e de chacune des activit\u00e9s B et C vers l'activit\u00e9 E.      <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_2 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_1_FR.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_1_FR.jpg 842w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_1_FR-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 842px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14561\" alt=\"Cr\u00e9ation d&#039;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence - \u00e9tape 1\" title=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence 1\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_12 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>3. Planification vers l'avant<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la planification vers l'avant suivante, les chemins sont parcourus du d\u00e9but \u00e0 la fin, les points de d\u00e9part les plus pr\u00e9coces (ESP) et les points de fin les plus pr\u00e9coces (EEP) sont saisis \u00e0 chaque fois. Ce qui suit s'applique : <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L'ESP de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de processus est toujours 0.<\/li>\n<li>L'EEP est toujours calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de ESP et de la dur\u00e9e. <strong>EEP = ESP + D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>L'EEP d'une op\u00e9ration est en m\u00eame temps l'ESP de l'\u00e9tape suivante et peut donc \u00eatre facilement transf\u00e9r\u00e9 sur la base des d\u00e9pendances.<\/li>\n<li>Si un n\u0153ud a plusieurs \u00e9tapes de processus en amont, l'EEP avec la valeur la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e s'applique. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_3 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_2_FR.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_2_FR.jpg 842w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_2_FR-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 842px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14562\" alt=\"Cr\u00e9ation d&#039;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence - \u00e9tape 2\" title=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence 2\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_13 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>4. Planification vers l'arri\u00e8re<\/h3>\n<p>Les chemins sont ensuite parcourus de la fin au d\u00e9but, les points de d\u00e9part les plus tardifs et les points de fin les plus tardifs \u00e9tant saisis \u00e0 chaque fois. Ce qui suit s'applique : <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le LEP de la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape correspond \u00e0 son EEP. Ainsi, il forme le point de d\u00e9part de la planification vers l'arri\u00e8re. <\/li>\n<li>Le LSP est calcul\u00e9 en soustrayant la dur\u00e9e du LEP. <strong>LSP = LEP - D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Le LSP d'une activit\u00e9 est le LEP de l'activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.<\/li>\n<li>Si une activit\u00e9 a plusieurs successeurs, le plus petit LSP est repris dans chaque cas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_4 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_3_FR.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_3_FR.jpg 842w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_3_FR-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 842px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14563\" alt=\"Cr\u00e9ation d&#039;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence - \u00e9tape 3\" title=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence 3\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_14 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>5. Marge<\/h3>\n<p>Les tampons pour chaque activit\u00e9 peuvent maintenant \u00eatre calcul\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La M=marge totale TB est la diff\u00e9rence entre LSP et ESP. <strong>TB = LSP - ESP<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>La marge libre (FB) est calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la diff\u00e9rence entre l'ESP de l'\u00e9tape de processus suivante et l'EEP de l'activit\u00e9 en cours. S'il y a plusieurs successeurs, la plus petite alternative compte.  <strong>FB = ESP (successeur) - EEP (pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_5 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_4_FR.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_4_FR.jpg 842w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_4_FR-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 842px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14564\" alt=\"Cr\u00e9ation d&#039;un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence - \u00e9tape 4\" title=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence 4\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_15 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>6. Chemin critique<\/h3>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/projektmanagement-abc-c-wie-critical-path\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"ABC de la gestion de projet: C comme Chemin critique\">chemin critique<\/a> peut maintenant \u00eatre ajout\u00e9 au diagramme complet. Il s'agit de toutes les sous-\u00e9tapes qui ne doivent pas \u00eatre retard\u00e9es si la date de fin initialement pr\u00e9vue doit \u00eatre respect\u00e9e. En cons\u00e9quence, vous trouvez le chemin critique en identifiant toutes les \u00e9tapes de processus qui n'ont ni de marge libre ni de marge totale.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_6 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_5_FR.jpg\" width=\"842\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_5_FR.jpg 842w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Precedence_diagram_5_FR-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 842px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-14559\" alt=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence complet avec chemin critique\" title=\"Diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence_complet\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_16 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dependances_speciales\"><\/span>D\u00e9pendances sp\u00e9ciales<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L'exemple pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent est bas\u00e9 sur le fait qu'un processus pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent doit \u00eatre termin\u00e9 pour pouvoir d\u00e9marrer un processus suivant. Cela s'appelle une relation de fin \u00e0 d\u00e9but. En pratique, cependant, il existe \u00e9galement d'autres d\u00e9pendances, qui peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre combin\u00e9es avec des retards n\u00e9cessaires :  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_6 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_17 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>De la fin au d\u00e9but \/ S\u00e9quence normale<\/strong><br \/>L'op\u00e9ration A doit \u00eatre termin\u00e9e pour que l'op\u00e9ration B puisse commencer.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = EEP (A) + d\u00e9lai  <\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LSP (A) - d\u00e9lai  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_18 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>D\u00e9but \u00e0 d\u00e9but \/ S\u00e9quence initiale<\/strong> \u00ab<br \/>\u00bb : l'op\u00e9ration B peut commencer d\u00e8s que l'op\u00e9ration A a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = ESP (A) + d\u00e9lai  <\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LSP (A) - d\u00e9lai + D (B)   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_8 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_19 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>De bout en bout \/ S\u00e9quence de fin<\/strong><br \/>: l'op\u00e9ration B peut \u00eatre termin\u00e9e d\u00e8s que l'op\u00e9ration A est termin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = EEP (A) + d\u00e9lai - D (B)   <\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LEP (A) - d\u00e9lai  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_20 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Du d\u00e9but \u00e0 la fin \/ S\u00e9quence de saut<\/strong><br \/>L'op\u00e9ration B peut \u00eatre termin\u00e9e d\u00e8s que l'op\u00e9ration A a commenc\u00e9. Il en r\u00e9sulte ici une marge n\u00e9gative. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LSP (B) = ESP (A) - d\u00e9lai + D (B)   <\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LEP (A) + d\u00e9lai + D (B)   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_7 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_9 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_21 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avantages_du_diagramme_de_precedence\"><\/span>Avantages du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9termination simple de la dur\u00e9e totale d'un processus ou d'un projet<\/li>\n<li>Affichage de la s\u00e9quence et des d\u00e9pendances de toutes les activit\u00e9s dans un processus ou un projet.<\/li>\n<li>Aper\u00e7u de l'ensemble du processus ou du projet, ainsi que des activit\u00e9s individuelles, de leur dur\u00e9e, des d\u00e9lais et des tampons<\/li>\n<li>Base pour la planification et la planification des ressources dans le projet<\/li>\n<li>L'affichage du chemin critique permet d'identifier les risques dans le processus ou le projet et, par exemple, la planification de tampons \u00e0 l'avance.<\/li>\n<li>Les temps tampons vous permettent de saisir les opportunit\u00e9s dans le processus et ainsi d'optimiser le processus ou le projet.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0 l'aide du r\u00e9seau, vous pouvez facilement \u00e9valuer si le processus ou le projet est \u00e0 l'heure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_22 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inconvenients_du_diagramme_de_precedence\"><\/span>Inconv\u00e9nients du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Effort \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour la cr\u00e9ation et, si n\u00e9cessaire, pour la correction, car chaque processus individuel doit \u00eatre saisi en d\u00e9tail.<\/li>\n<li>Effort \u00e9lev\u00e9 si le plan doit \u00eatre ajust\u00e9 en raison de retards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_8 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_10 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_23 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_24 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Un diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence est un outil important en gestion de projet car il montre l'ensemble du projet avec toutes les activit\u00e9s, leur dur\u00e9e et leurs d\u00e9pendances dans une s\u00e9quence logique. Il permet de reconna\u00eetre le chemin critique et d'identifier les tampons. De cette mani\u00e8re, les risques et les opportunit\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s et exploit\u00e9s.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_9 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_11 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2_5 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_25 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>La cr\u00e9ation manuelle d'un plan de r\u00e9seau prend beaucoup de temps, surtout pour les grands projets, et la maintenance en cas de retards ou de modifications est extr\u00eamement chronophage. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est logique d'utiliser un logiciel de gestion de projet \u00e0 cette fin. Celui-ci utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une forme sp\u00e9ciale de plan de r\u00e9seau, le <a href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/projektmanagement-abc-g-wie-gantt-diagramm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"ABC de la gestion de projet: G comme Diagramme de Gantt\">diagramme de Gantt.<\/a> De cette mani\u00e8re, les tampons et le chemin critique sont calcul\u00e9s automatiquement lors de la cr\u00e9ation du projet et la dur\u00e9e des processus individuels est \u00e9galement visualis\u00e9e au moyen d'un diagramme \u00e0 barres.   <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_12 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3_5 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_7 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur.png\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" alt=\"Structure de projet avec diagramme de Gantt dans myPARMIdeenmanagement\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur.png\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1040\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur.png 1920w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur-1280x693.png 1280w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur-980x531.png 980w, https:\/\/parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur-480x260.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1920px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-4105\" alt=\"Structure de projet avec diagramme de Gantt dans myPARMIdeenmanagement\" title=\"Structure de projet avec diagramme de Gantt dans myPARMIdeenmanagement\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_10 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_13 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_26 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>En savoir plus sur le logiciel de gestion de projet myPARM :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper preset--group--divi-button--divi-button--hi917qs--default_wrapper preset--module--divi-button--default_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-button--divi-button--hi917qs--default preset--module--divi-button--default\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/fr\/myparm\/\">En savoir plus sur myPARM<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_14 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_27 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Vous souhaitez d\u00e9couvrir myPARM lors d'une d\u00e9monstration ? Alors prenez rendez-vous d\u00e8s maintenant ! <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_1_wrapper preset--group--divi-button--divi-button--hi917qs--default_wrapper preset--module--divi-button--default_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_1 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-button--divi-button--hi917qs--default preset--module--divi-button--default\" href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/parmag\/myparm-webdemo-fr\" target=\"_blank\">PRENDRE UN RENDEZ-VOUS<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_11 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_15 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_0 et_pb_code et_pb_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\"><div class=\"shariff shariff-align-left shariff-widget-align-left\" style=\"display:none\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fparm.com%2Ffr%2Fproject-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-4%2F\" title=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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Please check the fields and try again.\";\n\n  window.REQUIRED_ERROR_MESSAGE = \"This field must not be empty. \";\n\n  window.GENERIC_INVALID_MESSAGE = \"The information entered is not valid. Please check the fields and try again.\";\n\n\n\n\n  window.translation = {\n    common: {\n      selectedList: '{quantity} Liste ausgew\u00e4hlt',\n      selectedLists: '{quantity} Listen ausgew\u00e4hlt'\n    }\n  };\n\n  var AUTOHIDE = Boolean(0);\n<\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/sibforms.com\/forms\/end-form\/build\/main.js\"><\/script>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js?hl=de\"><\/script>\n\n<!-- END - We recommend to place the above code in footer or bottom of your website html  -->\n<!-- End Sendinblue Form --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il est souvent utilis\u00e9 dans les achats ou la production et peut \u00e9galement fournir des services pr\u00e9cieux en gestion de projet : nous parlons de la technique du diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence, qui aide \u00e0 identifier la dur\u00e9e, les temps tampons et le chemin critique des processus et des projets. En fait, tr\u00e8s peu de chefs de projet cr\u00e9ent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des diagrammes de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence pour leurs projets eux-m\u00eames, mais utilisent un logiciel de gestion de projet \u00e0 cette fin. N\u00e9anmoins, il est important pour la compr\u00e9hension du projet de savoir comment le diagramme de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dence est cr\u00e9\u00e9. 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