{"id":12865,"date":"2022-11-18T15:51:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T14:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parm.com\/?p=12865"},"modified":"2026-03-02T16:08:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T15:08:33","slug":"project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Project Management ABC: P for Precedence Diagram"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>Project Management ABC: P for Precedence Diagram<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Illustration of the process structure of projects, their duration and interdependencies<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Post_PM-ABC_EN14.jpg\" title=\"Post_PM-ABC_precedence_diagram\" alt=\"Project Management ABC: P for Precedence Diagram\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row et_pb_equal_columns et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>It is often used in procurement or production and can also provide valuable services in project management. We are talking about the precedence diagram, which can be used to identify the duration, buffer times and critical path of processes. In fact, very few project managers will regularly create precedence diagrams for their projects themselves, but will use project management software for this purpose. Nevertheless, it is important for project understanding to know how the precedence diagram is created.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#What_is_a_precedence_diagram\" >What is a precedence diagram?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#How_to_create_a_network_plan_in_a_few_steps\" >How to create a network plan in a few steps<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#Special_dependencies\" >Special dependencies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#Advantages_of_the_precedence_diagram\" >Advantages of the precedence diagram<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#Disadvantages_of_the_precedence_diagram\" >Disadvantages of the precedence diagram<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_precedence_diagram\"><\/span>What is a precedence diagram?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The precedence diagram is one of the most precise, but also most complex tools for representing operational processes in a strategically meaningful sequence. These can be projects, production processes, marketing processes or similar. In the precedence diagram, start and end times, buffers, dependencies as well as the entire duration of the process are also mapped. This makes it possible to organise processes precisely or to represent operational processes correctly. According to DIN 69900, the precedence diagram uses networks as a \"graphic or tabular representation of a process structure consisting of operations or events and relationships.\"<br \/>A precedence diagram can represent an entire project as an \"overall network plan\". However, it is also possible to create \" subnetwork plans\" that represent only a part of the project and that are linked to other subnetwork plans to represent the entire project. This decomposition of a precedence diagram is used in particular when individual stakeholders are not interested in details of the plan. In the context of this network plan summarisation, a network plan of the most important milestones can then be created for them, for example, while other stakeholders receive detailed subnetwork plans that are important for them.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_3 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_create_a_network_plan_in_a_few_steps\"><\/span>How to create a network plan in a few steps<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>1. Create a basis<\/h3>\n<p>The basis for a precedence diagram is a process with its sub-steps. Both the individual steps and the duration of the respective tasks should be known.<\/p>\n<p>In the following example, the process consists of seven steps:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><table style=\"height: 290px; width: 75%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #1b3e90; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 48px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Step<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 48px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Duration in time unit<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 48px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Process to be finished before<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Start<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">-<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity A<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Start<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width:60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity C<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity D<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity E<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity B and C<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 60px; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Goal<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 102px; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Activity D and E<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>These steps are now created in the form of so-called process nodes, which are then connected with each other according to their dependencies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Such a node looks like this:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Process_Node.jpg\" title=\"Precedence diagram process node\" alt=\"Precedence diagram process node\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The abbreviations stand for the following values:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><table style=\"height: 168px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #ffffff; border-style: none; background-color: #ffffff;\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Index<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Process step<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>Activity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Activity name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Duration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>ESP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Earliest start point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>EEP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Earliest end point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>LSP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Latest start point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; height: 24px;\"><strong>LEP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%; height: 24px;\">Latest end point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>TB<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">Total buffer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;\"><strong>FB<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">Free buffer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_5 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_6 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_10 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><ul>\n<li>The <strong>index<\/strong> marks the respective process step. It is usually given numbers or letters.<\/li>\n<li>For the <strong>activity<\/strong>, the activity name or a short, concise description is entered.<\/li>\n<li>At <strong>D<\/strong>, the duration of the process is entered.<\/li>\n<li>The earliest start point <strong>ESP<\/strong> indicates the earliest point at which a process can be started and is therefore dependent on preceding processes. <\/li>\n<li>The earliest end point <strong>EEP<\/strong> is calculated from the earliest start point and the duration of an operation and thus indicates when the activity can be completed at the earliest.<\/li>\n<li>The latest end point <strong>LEP<\/strong> indicates when an operation must be completed at the latest in order not to delay further process steps. <\/li>\n<li>The latest start point <strong>LSP<\/strong> is calculated by subtracting the duration of a process from the latest end point. Thus, it indicates when the processing of an operation should be started at the latest in order not to influence further process steps and thus delay the entire process.<\/li>\n<li>The total buffer <strong>TB<\/strong> indicates by how much time a process can be postponed without having to postpone the latest start point of the next activity. If this buffer is used up, the following activity no longer starts on the earliest possible date, but the end date of the project is not affected. <\/li>\n<li>The free buffer <strong>FB<\/strong>, on the other hand, states how long an activity can last without influencing the earliest start point of the subsequent activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_11 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>2. Connect nodes<\/h3>\n<p>First, a network is created with the existing data. This means that the individual nodes are entered with index, activity and duration. These nodes are then linked with arrows that result from the dependencies shown in the table. An arrow marks a relationship or the logical, technical, personal or temporal dependency of individual activities. In the example, activity E can only be started when activities B and C have been completed. Therefore, an arrow is directed from each of the activities B and C to activity E. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_2 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Precedence_diagram1.jpg\" title=\"Network plan1\" alt=\"Creating a precedence diagram - Step 1\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_12 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>3. Forward scheduling<\/h3>\n<p>In the following forward scheduling, the paths are walked through from beginning to end, whereby the earliest start point (ESP) and the earliest end point (EEP) are entered in each case. The following applies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The ESP of the first process step is always 0.<\/li>\n<li>The EEP is always calculated from ESP and duration. <strong>EEP = ESP + D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The EEP of an operation is at the same time the ESP of the subsequent step and can therefore be easily transferred on the basis of the dependencies.<\/li>\n<li>If a node has several upstream process steps, the EEP with the highest value applies. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_3 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Precedence_diagram2.jpg\" title=\"network plan2\" alt=\"Creation of a network plan - Step 2\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_13 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>4. Backward scheduling<\/h3>\n<p>The paths are then traversed from the end to the beginning, whereby the latest start point and the latest end point are entered in each case. The following applies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The LEP of the last step corresponds to its EEP. Thus it forms the starting point of the backward scheduling.<\/li>\n<li>The LSP is calculated by subtracting the duration from the LEP. <strong>LSP = LEP - D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The LSP of an activity is the LEP of the previous activity.<\/li>\n<li>If an activity has several successors, the smallest LSP is taken over in each case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_4 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Precedence_diagram3.jpg\" title=\"Network plan 3\" alt=\"Creation of a network plan - Step 3\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_14 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>5. Buffer<\/h3>\n<p>Now the buffers for each activity can be calculated:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The total buffer TB is the difference between LSP and ESP. <strong>TB = LSP - ESP<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The free buffer (FB) is calculated from the difference of the ESP of the following process step and the EEP of the current activity. If there are several successors, the smallest alternative counts. <strong>FB = ESP (successor) \u2013 EEP (predecessor)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_5 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Precedence_diagram4.jpg\" title=\"Network plan4\" alt=\"Creation of a network plan - Step 4\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_15 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\" id=\"fertigstellungsgrad\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>6. Critical path<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-c-for-critical-path\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Project Management ABC: C for Critical Path\">critical path<\/a> can now be added to the complete diagram. These are all the sub-steps that must not be delayed if the originally planned end date is to be met. Accordingly, you find the critical path by identifying all process steps that have neither a free buffer nor a total buffer. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_image_6 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Precedence_diagram_complete.jpg\" title=\"Precedence diagram complete\" alt=\"Precedence diagram complete with critical path\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_16 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_dependencies\"><\/span>Special dependencies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The previous example is based on the fact that a preceding process must be completed in order to be able to start a subsequent process. This is called an end-to-start relationship. This is called an end-to-start relationship. In practice, however, there are also other dependencies, which can also be combined with necessary delays:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_6 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_17 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>End to start \/ Normal Sequence<\/strong><br \/>Activity A must be finished so that activity B can start.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = EEP (A) + delay<\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LSP (A) - delay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_18 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Start to Start \/ Start Sequence<\/strong><br \/>Activity B can be started as soon as activity A has been started.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = ESP (A) + delay<\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LSP (A) \u2013 delay + D (B)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_8 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_19 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>End to End \/ End Sequence<\/strong><br \/>Activity B can be finished as soon as activity A has been finished.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESP (B) = EEP (A) + delay \u2013 D (B)<\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LEP (A) - delay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_20 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Start to End \/ Jump Sequence<\/strong><br \/>Activity B can be finished as soon as activity A has been started. This results in a negative buffer.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LSP (B) = ESP (A) \u2013 delay + D (B)<\/li>\n<li>LEP (B) = LEP (A) + delay + D (B)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_7 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_9 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_21 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_the_precedence_diagram\"><\/span>Advantages of the precedence diagram<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Simple determination of the total duration of a process or project<\/li>\n<li>Display of the sequence and dependencies of all activities in a process or project.<\/li>\n<li>Overview of the entire process or project, as well as individual activities, their duration, deadlines and buffers<\/li>\n<li>Basis for scheduling and resource planning in the project<\/li>\n<li>Showing the critical path enables the identification of risks in the process or project and, for example, the planning of buffers in advance.<\/li>\n<li>Buffer times allow you to seize opportunities in the process and thus streamline the process or project.<\/li>\n<li>With the help of the network, you can easily assess whether the process or project is on schedule.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_22 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages_of_the_precedence_diagram\"><\/span>Disadvantages of the precedence diagram<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>High effort to create and, if necessary, to correct, as each individual process must be entered in detail.<\/li>\n<li>High effort if the plan has to be adjusted due to delays<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_8 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_10 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_23 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_24 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>A precedence diagram is an important tool in project management as it shows the whole project with all activities, their duration and dependencies in a logical sequence. It enables the critical path to be recognised and buffers to be identified. In this way, risks and opportunities can be identified and acted upon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_9 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_11 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2_5 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_25 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Creating a network plan manually takes a long time, especially for large projects, and maintenance in case of delays or changes is extremely time-consuming. Therefore, it makes sense to use project management software for this purpose. This usually uses a special form of network plan, the <a href=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-g-for-gantt-chart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Project management ABC: G for Gantt chart\">Gantt chart.<\/a> In this way, buffers and the critical path are automatically calculated when the project is created and the duration of the individual processes is also visualised by means of a bar chart.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_12 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3_5 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_7 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur.png\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" alt=\"Project structure with Gantt chart in myPARM\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Projektstruktur.png\" title=\"Project structure with Gantt chart in myPARM\" alt=\"Project structure with Gantt chart in myPARM\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_10 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_13 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_26 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>More about the project management software myPARM:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper preset--module--divi-button--default_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-button--default\" href=\"https:\/\/new-site.parm.com\/en\/myparm\/\">More information on myPARM<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_14 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_27 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-text--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Would you like to get to know myPARM in a demo presentation? Then make an appointment with us right away!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_1_wrapper preset--module--divi-button--default_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_1 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--module--divi-button--default\" href=\"https:\/\/calendly.com\/parmag\/myparm-webdemo\" target=\"_blank\">TERMIN VEREINBAREN<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_11 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_15 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_0 et_pb_code et_pb_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\"><div class=\"shariff shariff-align-left shariff-widget-align-left\" style=\"display:none\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button facebook shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#4273c8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fparm.com%2Fen%2Fproject-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2%2F\" title=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei Facebook teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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In fact, very few project managers will regularly create precedence diagrams for their projects themselves, but will use project management software for this purpose. Nevertheless, it is important for project understanding to know how the precedence diagram is created. Read here how the creation of a precedence diagram works.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[1134,1135,101],"class_list":["post-12865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management","tag-precedence-diagram-en","tag-precedence-diagram-en-2","tag-projektinhallinnan-aakkoset"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Project Management ABC: P for Precedence Diagram | Parm AG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The precedence diagram can be used to identify the duration, buffer times and critical path of processes and projects.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/parm.com\/en\/project-management-abc-p-for-precedence-diagram-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Project Management ABC: P for Precedence Diagram\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It is often used in procurement or production and can also provide valuable services in project management: we are talking about the precedence diagram technique, which helps to identify the duration, buffer times and critical path of processes and projects. In fact, very few project managers will regularly create precedence diagrams for their projects themselves, but will use project management software for this purpose. Nevertheless, it is important for project understanding to know how the precedence diagram is created. 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In fact, very few project managers will regularly create precedence diagrams for their projects themselves, but will use project management software for this purpose. Nevertheless, it is important for project understanding to know how the precedence diagram is created. 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